Sympathetic Nervous System Animation

## Understanding the Sympathetic Nervous System ### Function and Role The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an essential part of the body's involuntary nervous system that prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses to perceived danger or stress. When activated, the SNS triggers a series of physiological changes that increase the heart rate, raise blood pressure, and divert blood flow to muscles and vital organs. ### Activation and Effects The SNS is stimulated by the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These hormones bind to receptors on target organs, causing the following effects:

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Dilation of airways
• Contraction of blood vessels in the skin and abdomen
• Release of glucose from the liver
• Increased alertness and responsiveness

### Chronic Activation and Health Risks While the SNS is crucial for short-term survival responses, chronic activation can have negative consequences on health. Prolonged stress can lead to hypertension, arrhythmias, and increased risk of heart disease and stroke. It can also contribute to anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.